The second path to standing

The second way to have stadning is for the plaintiffs to show that "they may refrain from exposing themselves to sanctions under the statute, making a sufficient showing of self-censorship—i.e., they may establish a chilling effect on their free expression."

The concrete particularized harm is again the denial of a constitutional right, and there is imminent-not-hypothetical issue since the harm--the chilling effect--is occurring.

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